English Grammar/ Phrases and Clauses/csra:

 

• a clause is a group of words containing a subject and verb. An independent clause is a simple sentence. It can stand on its own.
• ஒரு பிரிவு என்பது ஒரு பொருள் மற்றும் வினைச்சொல் கொண்ட சொற்களின் குழு. ஒரு சுயாதீனமான பிரிவு ஒரு எளிய வாக்கியமாகும். அது சொந்தமாக நிற்க முடியும்.

Examples:
She is hungry.
I am feeling well today.

• A dependent clause cannot stand on its own. It needs an independent clause to complete a sentence. Dependent clauses often begin with such words as although, since, if, when, and because.

Examples:
Although she is hungry …
Whoever is hungry …
Because I am feeling well …

Dependent	Independent
Although she is hungry,	she will give him some of her food.
Whatever they decide,	I will agree to.

• A phrase is a group of words without a subject-verb component, used as a single part of speech.
• ஒரு சொற்றொடர் என்பது பொருள்-வினை கூறு இல்லாத சொற்களின் குழு, இது பேச்சின் ஒரு பகுதியாகப் பயன்படுத்தப்படுகிறது.

Examples:
Best friend (this phrase acts as a noun)
Needing help (this phrase acts as an adjective; see Adjectives and Adverbs)
With the blue shirt (this prepositional phrase acts as an adjective; see Prepositions)
For twenty days (this prepositional phrase acts as an adverb).

*English Grammar/ Phrases and

Clauses:

Phrase:
A Phrase is a group of words without a finite verb/ஒரு சொற்றொடர் என்பது வரையறுக்கப்பட்ட வினைச்சொல் இல்லாத சொற்களின் குழு.
For example:

• I an intelligent girl
• a costly dress
• an interesting novel

Identify the kind of phrase in the following sentences noting the head word:

1. Apartments are incredibly expensive.
(a) Noun Phrase (b) Adjective Phrase (c) Adverb Phrase
Answer:
(b)Adjective Phrase

2. A bike that won’t run is not particularly useful.
(a) Noun Phrase (b) Adjective Phrase (c) Adverb Phrase
Answer:
(a) Noun phrase

3. Don’t you have to leave early?
(a) Noun Phrase (b) Adjective Phrase (e) Adverb Phrase
Answer:
(c) Adverb Phrase

4. Tell him not to worry.
(a) Adverb Phrase (b) Noun Phrase (c) Adjective Phrase
Answer:
(b) Noun phrase

5. I hope to win the first prize.
(a) Noun phrase (b) Adjective Phrase (e) Adverb Phrase
Answer:
(a) Noun phrase

6. The girl in brown frock is my sister.
(a) Noun phrase (b) Adjective Phrase (c) Adverb Phrase
Answer:
(b) Adjective Phrase

7. Did you enjoy watching the movie?
(a) Noun phrase (b) Adjective Phrase (c) Adverb Phrase
Answer:
(a) Noun phrase

8. She always drives with care.
(a) Adverb Phrase (b) Noun Phrase (c) Adjective Phrase
Answer:
(a) Adverb Phrase

9. They were shouting in a loud voice.
(a) Adjective Phrase (b) Adverb Phrase (e) Noun Phrase
Answer:
(b)Adverb Phrase.

10. The train stopped at Victoria Terminus.
(a) Adverb Phrase (b) Noun Phrase (e) Adjective Phrase
Answer:
(a) Adverb Phrase

Clause
A clause is a group of words that includes a subject and a verb. It may be a sentence or the part of a sentence.
There are three kinds of clauses:
(i) Noun clause
(ii) Adverbial clause
(iii) Relative clause.

• Noun Clause: The noun clauses answer the question what?
• Adverbial clause: The adverbial clause of condition is introduced by if ‘ unless, whether.

If you run fast, you will catch the train.
Unless you work hard, you will not pass.

The underlined words in the above sentences form the adverbial clauses of condition.

Relative/Adjective clause: The relative clause does the function of an adjective in a sentence. That is why it is also called an adjective clause. We put a relative clause immediately after the noun which refers to the person, thing, or group we are talking about. A relative clause is essential to the clear understanding of the noun it defines or qualifies.

*ஒத்து / பெயரடை பிரிவு: ஒரு வாக்கியத்தில் ஒரு வினையெச்சத்தின் செயல்பாட்டை ஒத்தப்பிரிவு செய்கிறது. அதனால்தான் இது ஒரு பெயரடை விதி என்றும் அழைக்கப்படுகிறது. நாம் பேசும் நபர், விஷயம் அல்லது குழுவைக் குறிக்கும் பெயர்ச்சொல்லுக்குப் பிறகு உடனடியாக ஒரு உறவினர் பிரிவை வைக்கிறோம். இது வரையறுக்கும் அல்லது தகுதிவாய்ந்த பெயர்ச்சொல்லின் தெளிவான புரிதலுக்கு ஒரு உறவினர் பிரிவு அவசியம்.

Identify the clauses and point whether it is a Noun Clause, Adjective Clause or Adverb Clause.

Questions:
1. As Mercy was not there. I spoke to her father.
Answer:
Adverb clause

2. Mary had a little lamb whose fleece was as white as snow.
Answer:
Adjective clause

3. Just as Emilv entered the room, the clock struck six.
Answer:
Adverb clause

4. If you eat too much you will fall ill.
Answer:
Adverb clause

5. Philip often wonders how Johnis setting on.
Answer:
Noun clause

6. They asked Christy many questions when he came home.
Answer:
Adverb clause

7. My parents were poor though they were of royal birth.
Answer:
Adverb clause

8. Saroja still lives in Mumbai where she was bom.
Answer:
Adverb clause

9. We met a lady whose eves were blue.
Answer:
Adjective clause

10. Henry asked me where I lived.
Answer:
Noun clause.

11. The fact that Shilpa is silent proves her guilt.
Answer:
Adjective clause

12. He laughs best who laughs last.
Answer:
Adjective Clause

13. Helen met a girl whose eyes were brown.
Answer:
Adjective Clause

14. I did it because I wanted to.
Answer:
Adverb clause

15. He shall remain where he is.
Answer:
Adverb clause

16. Elsie went to see what had happened.
Answer:
Noun Clause

17. No one knows what he is up to.
Answer:
Noun Clause

18. Students who are wise get good grades.
Answer:
Adjective Clause

19. The bankers need to know what they should do.
Answer:
Noun Clause

20. The books, which are lost, are not really costly.
Answer:
Adjective Clause

21. When I was younger, I thought so.
Answer:
Mverb Clause

22. Whether you like it or not, you have to go to bed now.
Answer:
Adverb Clause

23. Many people hope that Canada can resolve its economic conditions.
Answer:
Noun Clause

24. Which person is the one who stole your mini magic tablet?
Answer:
Adjective Clause.

25. It is important to ask whether the dressing has to be formal or informal.
Answer:
Noun Clause.