English Grammar Sentence Patterns/csra:

                              

English Grammar Sentence Patterns:

*SENTENCE PATTERN DEFINITION:

There are five important components in a sentence.

e.g.

Subject (S)	Verb (V)	Object (O)
Complement (C)	Adverbial (A)

 

1. SUBJECT (S)

Definition :

To get ‘S’ ask the quesiton ‘Who?’ before the verb.

e.g.

Nancy danced well	(Here “Nancy” - Subject)
The child broke the glass	(Here “The child” - Subject)

Subject (S)	consists of nouns or pronouns
	occurs before a verb

 

2. VERB (V)

Definition :

In every sentence the most important word is the verb. A verb shows action or activity or work done.

e.g.

He is a doctor	(“Be” form verb)
Jems wrote a letter	(Main verb)
The baby is crying	(auxiliary verb + Main verb)

Verb (V)	consists of (a) auxiliaries
	(b) finite verbs

(a) Auxiliaries

e.g.

am, is, are ,was, were

has, have, had

does, do, did

Modals : can, could; will, would; shall, should; may, might; must

Semi-modals / Quasi Modals : dare to; need to; used to; ought to

(b) Finte verbs - denote action

e.g.

talk, sing, write, make, dance, play, cook, leave, teach, sleep

- verbs occur after the subject

- vebs occur before the object

3. OBJECT (O)

Definition :

To get the object ‘O’ ask the question ‘What’ or ‘Whome’. ‘What’ is for things and ‘Whome’ is for persons. Persons may be nouns or pronouns.

e.g.

He bought a pen	(a pen = Object)
He handles the computer	(computer = Object)
I saw him	(him = Object)

Object (O) - consists of nouns or noun phrases or noun clauses

(a) Do	- direct object
	- answers the question ‘what’

e.g.

S	V	O (what)
I	likes	animals

(b) IO	- indirect object
	- answers the question ‘whom’

e.g.

S	V	IO (whom)	DO
I	gave	Rosy	a pen

4. COMPLEMENT (C)

Definition :

The words required to complete the meaning of a sentence are called Complement of the sentence.

e.g.

S	V	C
He	is	a dentist
She	became	a journalist
It	grew	dark

Complement (C) - from the word ‘complete’

- completes the meaning in the sentence

- wihtout it the, meaning is incomplete

- wihtout it the, meaning changes

occurs in two pattern. (i) S V C pattern. (ii) S V O C pattern

(i) In S V C pattern, the complement C

- complements the subjects

- tells about the subject

- wihtout it the, meaning changes

- without C, the sentence is incomplete or the sentence changes its meaning

- use to be forms, grew, became, seems for verb

e.g.

S	V	C
They	are	players
She	was	angry
It	seems	absurd

(ii) In S V O C pattern

- the complement tells about the object

- the complement and object are of the same person or thing

e.g.

S	V	O	C
They	called	David	a genius
I	found	her	crying
They	elected	Michle	leader

Types of Complement:

1. Subject Complement:

Definition :

The complement which expresses the quality or identity or condition of the subject is called Subject Complement.

e.g.

She is a doctor

She looks sad

2. Object Complement:

Definition :

The complement which expresses the quality or identity or condition of an object is called Object Complement.

e.g.

They made her angry

She called him a liar

Adjunct or Adverbial

Definition :

To get ‘A’ ask the question why, when, where or how.

The use of adverbial is optional whereas complement is essential. It has adverb phrase, adverbial clause, noun-phrase and prepositional phrase.

e.g.

Why? (reason)	When? (Time)	Where? (Place)	How? (Manner)
due to cold	now, later	here, there	by bus / cycle
through floods	after 2 years	every where	through efforts
under compulsion	when young	in the sky	by mixing
carefully	in the morning	at home	by hard work

Adjunct - A - answers the questions where? when? how? why?
- without A, any change in the meaning of the sentence

Examples of Adjuncts in sentences:

e.g.

S	V	A
She	Comes	every day
-	Sit	here

Identify the sentence pattern for the following sentences.
1. The girls are studying.
(a) SVIODO (b) SVOC (c) SV (d) SVCA
Answer:
(c) SV

2. Children like cookies.
(a) SVAAA (b) SVO (c) SVOC (d) SVCA
Answer:
(b) SVO

3. I played yesterday

(a) SVA (b) SVOC (c) SVIODO (d) SVCA
Answer:
(a) SVA

4. The gates were closed.
(a) SVIODO (b) SV (c) SVO (d) SVOCA
Answer:
(b) SV

5. The children speak courteously.
(a) SVA (6) SVOC (c) SVA (d) SVC
Answer:
(a) SVA

6. Video games keep children busy.
(a) SVA (b) SVOC (c) SVA (d) SVC
Answer:
(b) SVOC

7. Hema placed the books on the table.
(a) SVO A (b) SVO (c) SVA (d) SVC
Answer:
(a) SVO A

8. Writing makes one a perfect man.
(a) SVA (b) SVOC (c) SVA (d) SVC
Answer:
(b) SVOC

9. She showed me her new mobile phone.
(a) SVA (b) SVOC (c) SVA (d) SVIODO
Answer:
(d) SVIODO

10. Sindhu won a silver medal in Olympics.
(a) SVA (b) SVOC (c) SVO A (d) SVC
Answer:
(c) SVO A

11. My teacher asked me a question.
(a) SVIODO (b) SVOC (c) SVA (d) SVC
Answer:
(a) SVIODO

12. Cricket matches are played regularly at check stadium.

(a) SVA (b) SVOC (c) SVAA (d) SVC
Answer:
(c) SVAA

13. He gave us a party.
(a) SVA (b) SVIODO (c) SVA (d) SVC
Answer:
(b) SVIODO

14. You must repay kindness always.
(a) SVA (b) SVOC (c) SVA (d) SVO A
Answer:
(d) SVO A

15. We elected Latha our union chairman last month.
(a) SVA (b) SVOCA (c) SVA (d) SVC
Answer:
(b) SVOCA

16. They gave Rahim this home last week.
(a) SVA (b) SVOC (c) SVIODOA (d) SVC
Answer:
(c) SVIODOA

17. Honey tastes sweet.
(a) SVC (b) SVOC (c) SVA (d) SVC
Answer:
(a) SVC

18. India is an agricultural country.
(a) SVA (b) SVOC (c) SVA (d) SVC
Answer:
(d) SVC

19. Once Sam was an athlete.
(a) SVA (b) ASVC (c) SVA (d) SVC
Answer:
(b) ASVC

20. Generally children like ice cream.

(a) SVA (b) SVOC (c) ASVO (d) SVC
Answer:
(c) ASVO

21. Kumar was our Panchayat President last year.
(a) SVCA (b) SVOC (c) SVA (d) SVC
Answer:
(a) SVCA

22. Teja is busy in the office.
(a) SVA (b) SVOC (c) SVA (d) SVCA
Answer:
(d) SVCA

23. Are you angry?
(a) SVA (b) VSC (c) SVA (</) SVC
Answer:
(b) VSC

24. She is now a professor in New Jersey.
(a) SVACA (b) SVOC (c) SVA (d) SVC
Answer:
(a) SVACA

25. Suddenly they heard a cry.
(a) SVA (b) SVOC (c) SVA (d) ASVC
Answer:
(d) ASVC.